Osip Mandelstam, one of the greatest Russian poets of the twentieth century, published his first book, Stone, in 1913. He continued to publish, but his work was increasingly censored under the Soviet regime. In 1934, he was arrested and sent with his wife into exile in Voronezh. Arrested again in 1938, he is thought to have died in a transit camp. The Voronezh Notebooks, preserved by his widow, remained unpublished in Russia until the 1980s.
